Emperor1956 -> RE: Nipple Clamps (6/13/2007 3:04:19 PM)
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Okay I have a question how would the fact that someone smoked make a difference with nipple clamps or were you just saying about other things? I guess I am just confused. It is a bit complicated. I'll try to go slow and cite basic web-published studies. The general belief is that nicotine is a significant vasoconstrictor, which means it constricts the blood circulation system (veins, arteries and capillaries) that supply blood flow to your organs. (Here we are concerned with skin and extremeties.) Nicotine consumption can reduce blood flow by as much as 50% in the saphenous vein (the large vein running your thigh) says one study. Then again, there was a significant study done that says nicotine PROMOTES vascularization. The problem is that nicotine, the chemical, is radically different than the effects of smoking, so it is hard to know which effect is due to the complex chemical effects of smoking, and how much is due to nicotine. Maybe smoke, not nicotine per se, causes the vasoconstriction? Nonetheless, it is clear that cigarette smoking has a negative effect on blood flow. Cigarette smoke contains a relatively high proportion of carbon monoxide, another known vasoconstrictor. Then nipple clamps will add to the blood flow problem of already compromised tissue. If you start with compromised circulation (smoking, diabetes, etc.) and you then add another compromising factor, you get a greater risk. By the way, "low tar" cigarettes create just as severe a compromising effect on blood flow and vascular health as do "regular" cigarettes. There's no healthy smokes. Just thought you'd want to know. (Edited because it is the end of a busy day and I can't punctuate.)
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