MercTech -> RE: Nuclear Security Summit 2014 (3/25/2014 7:05:53 PM)
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ORIGINAL: mnottertail Japan gave out like 700 pounds of their uranium to make the world safer, and reduce stockpiles, hoping everyone will follow their lead, they hold like 18 tons of the stuff. Its a non starter, everybody wants it but nobody will do anything about it. The old stuff from research... they suckered the U.S. into hauling off the junk. <grin> But, most of their "stockpile" is actually part of the planned recycling of old spent fuel into usable new MOX fuel (MOX - Mixed Oxide). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rokkasho_Reprocessing_Plant http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_reprocessing http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/Nuclear-Fuel-Cycle/Fuel-Recycling/Processing-of-Used-Nuclear-Fuel/ My big question is why we are not reprocessing spent fuel in the U.S.? The Atomic Energy Act of 1972 made it unlawful for civilian reprocessing of commercial nuclear fuel and gave the Department of Energy the mandate of taking custody of spent nuclear fuel for reprocessing by the end of fiscal year 1998. All the nuclear utilities had to pay into a fund to pay for it. Yet, the DOE has yet to take custody of a single stick of commercial nuclear fuel from U.S. reactors. (They did get some Japanese spent fuel, but that is another political tale) Just adding some perspective that the Journalists either didn't understand or didn't fit the hype they wanted to present. There ARE issues with reprocessing. Pu can be removed from the other stuff in spent fuel by a chemical reaction process. Enriching Uranium requires very expensive gas chromatography if you are going for weapons grade. (You can make 4% enriched commercial fuel chemically) The issue with MOX fuel is that it is possible (but not easy) to modify the process for extracting Pu to do high enrichment bomb grade instead of low enrichment commercial fuel. It comes down to politics on that. France and Germany have been using reprocessed fuel in their commercial reactors for decades now. Another advantage to reprocessing spent fuel is that you can separate out medical radionuclides that the U.S. has no way to produce now. (We have to import all of ours.. Primarily imported from Canada.) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_medicine quote:
About a third of the world's supply, and most of North America's supply, of medical isotopes are produced at the Chalk River Laboratories in Chalk River, Ontario, Canada. (Another third of the world's supply, and most of Europe's supply, are produced at the Petten nuclear reactor in the Netherlands.) The Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission ordered the NRU reactor to be shut down on November 18, 2007 for regularly scheduled maintenance and an upgrade of the safety systems to modern standards. The upgrade took longer than expected and in December 2007, a critical shortage of medical isotopes occurred. The Canadian government unanimously passed emergency legislation, allowing the reactor to restart on 16 December 2007, and production of medical isotopes to continue. FYI: Commercial power plant fuel is about 4% enriched. Bomb grade is >75% enriched. More on enrichment: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weapons-grade
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