Nnanji
Posts: 4552
Joined: 3/29/2016 Status: offline
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quote:
ORIGINAL: MrRodgers quote:
ORIGINAL: Nnanji Sure...I said patrician liar and you're going to cite that for me. Sure...you've picked a source. Other "sources" have been cited. I suppose since you've picked the terms patrician liar, that's how you see them.. Actually, the federal reserve has no partisan incentive on this long answered question. The terms of any debate without the rancor is to be as objective as possible. The federal reserve study quite objectively researched every possible aspect of just where CRA loans ranked in the over all financial meltdown and came to the conclusion I cited...[it] and those loans were in no way responsible for and in no way had any substantial effect on, bringing wall street to it knees and begging to the taxpayers. Oh and the banking rules didn't change and there was no legally enforceable requirements upon anyone to make subprime mortgage loans. Oh and just for the fun of it..... Not being a person of noble or high rank or otherwise an aristocrat, even though I am a person of decently good background, education, and refinement, I am not and never was, a member of the original senatorial aristocracy in ancient Rome or have I even spoken to the emperor in many, many years. Therefore I am not a patrician. Here's a discussion of the pressure congress put on the fed: https://mises.org/library/subprime-crisis White (2008), Yeager (2009) and Schwartz (2009) explain what were the four major excesses of this regulation favoring the housing-sector: 1) The Federal Housing Administration (FHA) was founded in 1934, predicated on the assumption that the mortgage loans made by private companies needed to satisfy certain conditions. For a client to qualify, the FHA originally required, among other things, that the customer put down 20 percent of the money needed to buy the property. Apparently, for bureaucratic reasons, these requirements were systematically reduced. By 2004 the most popular FHA product carried a requirement of only 3 percent down. Congress was working to reduce it to 0 percent. The result was an increase in the rate of default in mortgage payments. 2) The Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) is a law passed during the Carter administration in 1977 and expanded in 1989 and 1995. It was created to encourage lending to lower income applicants, who could not otherwise meet the mortgage granting standards. It was part of a deliberate policy to expand access to credit and spread the fulfillment of the American dream of homeownership. Though not very significant in its early years, by 1995 regulators could deny a merger of banks or the opening of new branches, on grounds of not complying with the CRA’s provisions. Thus, as White explains, groups like the Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now (ACORN) actively pressured banks to make loans under the threat of registering complaints, and thus reducing the rating of the bank. In response to the new CRA rules, some banks were associated with community groups to distribute millions in mortgages to low-income customers, previously ineligible for credit. 3) Meanwhile, in 1993, private banks began to receive legal challenges from the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) over their mortgage standards. To avoid these pressures and legal problems, banks felt the need to relax the income requirements. 4) Congress then pressured Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to increase the purchase of mortgages. Roberts (2008), explains: For 1996, HUD required that 12% of all mortgage purchases by Fannie and Freddie be “special affordable” loans, typically to borrowers with income less than 60% of their area’s median income. That number was increased to 20% in 2000 and 22% in 2005. The 2008 goal was to be 28%. Between 2000 and 2005, Fannie and Freddie met those goals every year, funding hundreds of billions of dollars’ worth of loans, many of them subprime and adjustable-rate loans, made to borrowers who bought houses with less than 10% down. In the short term, Fannie and Freddie found that its assets were now more salable, and continued expansion in the purchase of mortgages. White (2008, p. 6) explains: “The hyper-expansion of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac was made possible by their implicit backing from the U.S. Treasury.” To finance the tremendous growth, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac had to borrow huge sums from the financial market. Investors were prepared to lend money to the two government-sponsored companies, with interest rates relatively low because of the implicit government guarantee. When they faced financial collapse, and became more conservative, the Treasury explicitly endorsed the debts of Fannie and Freddie.5 The large increased demand for housing pushed up housing construction (in the U.S., more than 4.6 million new households between 2003 and 2006) and caused sharp increases in the prices of existing houses (the increase was 40 percent between 2002 and 2006). Empirical evidence collected by John Taylor (2008), reported in Figure IV, shows the boom in building starts (a variable correlated with the price of property). It illustrates that the boom which took place between 2002 and mid-2006 would have been just a hill (according to the posited counterfactual) if the Fed had followed the rule suggested by Taylor.
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