Aswad -> RE: Stress or depression = physical weakness? (2/21/2008 3:01:09 PM)
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ORIGINAL: LadyHibiscus Effexor did the lethargy thing for you? Very much so. I would say it significantly worsened the condition. quote:
Prozac took away my ADRENALINE response! Not surprising. quote:
The thing is, these psychotropic drugs are a total crapshoot. No one knows exactly how they work, or which ones will. Actually, that is not the case. I have had a success rate of 4 in 5 on the first attempt so far when advising people on that subject. And a lot of pdocs actually do know what works or not. The thing is that the modern drugs (with a few notable exceptions, such as Edronax, Wellbutrin, Survector, Stablon and Subutex) are ineffective. For the most part, the color of the capsule makes a bigger difference than the actual drug chosen. They are used because an overdose is unlikely to fuck you up, and because it's not a big problem to prescribe them without knowing what one is doing. Well, that, and the advertising gets to the doctors. For instance, let's have a look at some of the effective, but less popular, ones: - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
- Parnate (tranylcypromine) is a pure MAOI at low doses. At high doses, it also acts as an unselective monoamine reuptake inhibitor. It has robust mood elevating properties and will alleviate depression for 85% of treatment refractory patients at 2.4mg/kg/day, and is about as effective as ECT, without the side effects. Occasionally causes sedation, but is far more likely to be stimulating. Causes weight loss in most patients. Lowers blood pressure. Lowers risk of Alzheimers and Parkinson's significantly with long term use. Requires adherence to a strict diet, as well as having interactions that absolutely must be accounted for. The closest thing to a miracle drug available, but must be taken seriously to avoid dangerous interactions.
- Nardil (phenelzine) is a MAOI, and has the same caveats as Parnate. It also inhibits GABA-transaminase. May cause sedation and weight gain. Does not have stimulating properties. Will nullify severe anxiety in virtually all patients that take it, and is the gold standard for treatment of anxiety and depression with anxiety. As with Parnate, it must be taken seriously.
- Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
- Anafranil (clomipramine) is the gold standard of serotonergic drug therapy. It works in a manner similar to what Efexor and Cymbalta try (and fail) to do. Usually stimulating, but can cause sedation. Some people will experience mild memory issues, but these are hard to distinguish from the memory impairment that results from the depression itself. Will affect libido in the same way as the SSRIs. Highly effective. Potent 5HT2A-antagonist. Some interactions. Blood level assays should be performed, but are not critical. Toxic in overdose. Should not be taken if you have a heart condition, as it prolongs the QT interval. May cause dry mouth, necessitating extra care in dental hygiene. Must under no circumstance be combined with a MAOI at any dosage.
- Aventyl (nortriptyline) primarily acts on the noradrenergic system, and is a useful addition to MAOIs. This combo is strictly contraindicated due to an early misunderstanding that has been propagated by lazy researchers. It actually lowers the risks associated with ignoring the dietary restrictions of a MAOI. For US residents, it is the alternative to Edronax, as Strattera simply doesn't compare in terms of efficacy or risk profile. Can cause difficulty in urinating, particularly in men (who may also experience delayed ejaculation). Some interactions. Blood level assays should be performed, but are not critical. Toxic in overdose. Prolongs the QT interval. May lower blood pressure, which may cause a modest compensatory increase in beats per minute. May cause dry mouth, nnecessitating extra care in dental hygiene.
- Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors (NRIs); that's norepinephrine to US folks.
- Edronax (reboxetine) is the most selective noradrenergic drug available. Effective in endogenous depression. Has mild to moderate stimulating properties. May exacerbate anxiety in some patients, but has also been used to treat anxiety in others. Lowers or eliminates risk associated with ignoring the dietary restrictions of a MAOI, though the dose should be reduced to ¼ in that combination. Can be administered once daily, but is usually given twice daily. Can cause difficulty in urinating, particularly in men. Likely to cause delayed ejaculation, and may cause reflux during ejaculation. Should be used with care in benign hyperplasia of the prostate. Appears safe with heart conditions, but will lower blood pressure and raise beats per minute. May cause dry mouth. Not available in the US, as a matter of protectionism.
- Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors (DRIs)
- Survector (amineptine) increases libido and may cause spontaneous orgasms. Withdrawn from the market, ostensibly due to a slight chance of liver toxicity, but that's pretty much a sham, as several OTC drugs have more than twice the risk of causing the same. Rapidly alleviates depression, with several documented cases of remission occuring after three days. Classified as schedule 2 due to abuse potential, but available via special dispensation to a licenced psychiatrist.
- CNS Stimulants
- Dexedrine (dextroamphetamine) is sometimes used when other things fail, usually in combination with something else. Can be combined with a MAOI, but that should be done under careful supervision, as some people have adverse reactions to that combination. Routinely used in inpatient care in treatment refractory cases. Mood elevating and stimulant properties. Reduces fatigue. Causes weight loss. Increases libido. May cause dependence, but this is rare in therapeutic use. Should not be used with patients that have a heart condition. Will not be used with patients that have a history of drug abuse.
- Serotonin Reuptake Enhancers (SREs)
- Stablon (tianeptine) is a fairly neutral drug in all respects. May increase libido. Frequently alleviates asthma. Occasionally cures asthma. Small chance of liver toxicity (on par with OTC painkillers). Not particularly widely used. Must be special ordered.
- Monoamine Reuptake Inhibitors
- Merital (nomifensine) is stimulating. Highly effective. Somewhat rapid action. Likely to increase libido. Can be abused in overdose, at significant risk to the abuser. Available by special dispensation. Some chance of liver toxicity.
- Opioids
- Temgesic / Subutex (buprenorphine) alleviates distress and can have an antidepressant effect. Useful as an adjunct to other therapies. Small risk of tolerance buildup which can be reversed with PKC-inhibitors. May initially cause euphoria. Nausea and vomiting can happen with high doses. Offers rapid relief from the symptoms of depression and anxiety (can replace benzodiazepines for the latter), but has limited long-term effect on its own (on par with SSRIs). Can cause sedation. Unlikely to be prescribed by anyone but an expert pdoc or university clinic. A relevant detail to the BDSM community is that it is a powerful analgetic; pain play is a non-option on this. Used for anxiety in doses from 0.1mg to 0.4mg, from 1-4 times per day. Used in doses up to 24mg per day for treatment refractory depression.
- NMDA-antagonists
- Ebixa (memantine) has shown some promise, but is most effective as an adjunct to other therapies. Prevents buildup of tolerance to opiates and stimulants, if used properly. Can cause cognitive impairment. Questionable long term safety, and a theoretical risk of developing Olney's Lesions. Normally used for Alzheimers.
- Ketalar (ketamine) is a general anaesthetic, and used as a one-time thing. The duration of treatment is, if memory serves, about three days. Appears to be a promising novel treatment option, but should probably remain in the arsenal of "last resorts," rather than general use. Severe side effects during the treatment period. Requires hospitalization. Theoretical risk of Olney's Lesions.
- Other / Unknown
- Wellbutrin (bupropion) is frequently used as an adjunct to SSRI therapy, and becoming more common as a standalone. It is somewhat stimulating. Can cause weight loss. May increase libido. Should not be used in patients that have a risk of seizures, at least not in high doses. Should probably be avoided in patients with a heart condition. Fairly good choice to try early on in patients that are not actively suicidal. Initially used as a smoking cessation aid. Putative mechanism of action is cathecolamine reuptake inhibition (noradrenaline and dopamine), but the evidence does not seem to support this as the sole mechanism of action, so its mode of action must be considered unknown.
I'd bet most patients haven't heard of half of these. A lot of docs sadly haven't, either, or don't realize the benefits. Note that the above is just off the top of my head, and I'm having a slow day. It's not advice, let alone medical advice. I've probably missed a bunch of important details. If you feel like tallking to your doctor about having the doc investigate some of these options, that's another matter, but don't self-medicate with any of these. They are not like SSRIs, and should be treated with respect and used by a competent doctor with a reasonably rational patient. But, yeah, they are also in an entirely different league of efficacy when used properly. Having the doctor consult with an expert like Ken Gillman seems like a good idea. A competent doctor can treat depressions in a manner that does not resemble the lottery that most doctors expose their patients to. To quote one good doctor, "I have never encountered a treatment resistant depression." For some of us, it will always be a shot in the dark. It shouldn't be for most of us. Health, al-Aswad.
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