PainSmith -> RE: Racism (6/3/2008 11:56:16 AM)
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This is a fascinatedly American discussion. I'd like to throw in a European perspective. First of all, here are two interesting definitions of racism (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racism): 1. any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on race, color, descent, or national or ethnic origin which has the purpose or effect of nullifying or impairing the recognition, enjoyment or exercise, on an equal footing, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social, cultural or any other field of public life (UN) 2. Article 21 of the charter prohibits discrimination on any ground such as race, color, ethnic or social origin, genetic features, language, religion or belief, political or any other opinion, membership of a national minority, property, disability, age or sexual orientation and also discrimination on the grounds of nationality. (EU, a more general definiton of bigotry, which includes sexism, nationalism, etc.). Europe has had a problem with racism, a problem which hasn't gone away as the Balkans proved in the 1990s. This wasn't racism against blacks, but against Muslims, among others, combined with rabid Serbian and Croat nationalism. Racism on the grounds of skin colour is merely one form of racism. Racism on the grounds of culture, as against Jews and Muslims, is a very common form too. There is a very pan-European problem of racism against Gypsies, which is not being addressed (which is worrying, frankly). Racism clearly exists against black people, but it's one of many forms. I can see the argument for affirmative action in countries which consist only of one people, despite it being technically racist in its own right, because there, institutions do not have to be intentionally anti-bigotry to work. American, from this perspective, is a country of one people, the Americans, even though the people come from zillions of different sources, as this thread shows. But countries of many different peoples must already have structures which are anti-bigotry, beause they simply couldn't work otherwise. In these countries, those existing mechanisms should be strengthened, repaired and adapted. Examples include the UK (with four peoples), Belgium (two), Russia (over a hundred!), and many more. But whilst nationalism is so strong, racism is just another form of bigotry that has to be monitored and addressed.
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