NorthernGent -> RE: Human nature- whatever you wanna say about it (4/24/2011 12:16:29 PM)
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ORIGINAL: vincentML But the OP was not about "civilized" human behavior. In the state of nature, as Hobbes said, "the life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short." Every man is at war against every man because of competition, fear, and glory. It is for this reason that Hobbes argued that men must be willing to give up some of their liberty to establish a commonwealth, so that peace and governance would have a chance. Let me remind you again, because it seems to so easily slip your grasp, the OP was about human nature not social nature. If you keep that in focus perhaps you will not be so distraught by my simple and humble observation. Hobbes held a certain view of human nature, one at odds with certain philosophers. Bear in mind that Hobbes lived in a time of religious and civil strife, and this circumstance influenced his opinion: he saw war all around him and concluded human beings were war mongers above all else. If you accept that any viable system must fit human nature, and you accept that Hobbes's system (absolutism) failed, which it did, then by extension Hobbes's view of human nature is wide of the mark. Yes, Hobbes proposed a social contract, but unlike Locke's proposal, the contract did not include the sovereign; it was a contract undertaken by and between the people only. Hobbes's main contribution was to apply reason to rule, i.e. sovereigns do not have a divine right to rule, rather they rule in the interests of peace. And this brings us neatly to another proposition: 1) Hobbes was aiming for harmony, as all political philosophers do, which should tell you something about our nature. 2) Hobbes's contribution that has stood the test of time is not his 'war monger' proposition, but rather his application of reason to rule, which again should tell you something of what we're about. Animals can fight, as can humans, but the thing that marks us out from any other living being is our ability to reason. Edited to add: In sum, and in the interests of clarity, Hobbes's political philosophy clearly left no room for democracy as he believed that when invoked with the right of appeal, we could not be trusted to be reasonable. The beauty of it is this: his own country has proven him wrong; there has been something like 400 years of stable democracy in England; our differences have been resolved at the ballot box; the state has not been overthrown; in-fighting and power struggles have been subordinated to reason.
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